the 1994 Java earthquake, which is most likely shallow. Note that focal mechanisms are coloured according to gCMT depths, which are not always consistent with the ISC-EHB depths e.g. 2, i.e., all ISC-EHB locations from 1964 to 2016). ![]() The focal mechanisms of events with M > 7.0 are plotted at ISC-EHB locations and are taken from the Global Centroid Moment Tensor (gCMT) solution catalog ( ) (cf. The earthquake data (2009–2018) were taken from BMKG. ( b) Distribution of epicenters of relocated earthquakes with magnitude ≥ 4.0. Inset shows the location of the study area (red rectangle) with respect to southeast Asia. The bathymetry data were taken from ETOPO1 6. Regional setting and distribution of epicenters. These results support recent calls for a strengthening of the existing Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (InaTEWS), especially in Java, the most densely populated island in Indonesia. The worst-case scenario, in which the two megathrust segments spanning Java rupture simultaneously, shows that tsunami heights can reach ~ 20 m and ~ 12 m on the south coast of West and East Java, respectively, with an average maximum height of 4.5 m along the entire south coast of Java. To assess the expected inundation hazard, tsunami modeling was conducted based on several scenarios involving large tsunamigenic earthquakes generated by ruptures along segments of the megathrust south of Java. These gaps may be related to potential sources of future megathrust earthquakes in the region. ![]() Relocation of earthquakes recorded by the agency for meteorology, climatology and geophysics (BMKG) in Indonesia and inversions of global positioning system (GPS) data reveal clear seismic gaps to the south of the island of Java.
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